30 (thirty) days mortality in patients with left main coronary artery disease treated with percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting having intermediate syntax score

Abstract

Background: This study aims to compare the 30-day mortality rates of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) in patients with Left Main Coronary Artery Disease (LMCAD) and intermediate Syntax Score.

Methodology: A total of 307 patients who underwent revascularization for LMCAD and met the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Informed verbal consent was obtained, and pre-procedural data were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to present quantitative data, while qualitative variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Effect modifiers were controlled through stratification, and chi-square tests were applied with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.

Results: Of the 307 patients, 156 underwent PCI and 151 underwent CABG. The mean age of the study population was 63.60 (±9.23) years, with similar average ages in the PCI (63.67 ± 9.22) and CABG (63.52 ± 9.27) groups. Among the patients, 256 (83.66%) were male and 51 (16.61%) were female. The overall 30-day mortality rate for LMCAD revascularization was 5.9% (18 out of 307). The mortality rate in the PCI group was 5.1%, while in the CABG group, it was 6.6%, but no statistically significant difference was observed (p-value = 0.633). The effect modifiers were similar in both groups, except for a higher prevalence of hypertension in the CABG group, which did not significantly affect mortality.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the 30-day mortality rates in CABG are higher but not statistically significant compared to PCI in patients with LMCAD and intermediate Syntax Score. Both PCI and CABG can be considered as treatment options for patients with intermediate Syntax Score, with similar risks.